KPV (4mg) Research Peptide: A Naturally Derived Anti‑Inflammatory Tripeptide for Immune & Gastrointestinal Studies

If your research investigates inflammation pathways, immune modulation, or gastrointestinal barrier function, KPV (4mg) research peptide offers a precisely defined and mechanistically distinct synthetic tool. KPV (Lysine‑Proline‑Valine) is a tripeptide that represents the C‑terminal fragment (amino acids 11‑13) of alpha‑melanocyte‑stimulating hormone (α‑MSH). While α‑MSH is a larger hormone with melanotropic effects that can cause pigmentation, KPV retains the full anti‑inflammatory activity of the parent hormone but is free from its melanotropic effects. This makes KPV (4mg) research peptide a valuable tool for laboratories investigating inflammation, immune signalling, wound healing, and gastrointestinal disorders.

At Chinese Grey Peptides, we supply high‑purity KPV (4mg) research peptide to research institutions and wholesale buyers across the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Italy, and the USA. Every batch is lyophilised, HPLC‑verified to >99% purity, and accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA), ensuring your investigations into inflammation, immune modulation, and tissue repair begin with uncompromising quality.

What Is KPV and How Does It Work?

To fully appreciate the research potential of KPV (4mg) research peptide, it is essential to understand its biochemical structure and the mechanisms by which it exerts its effects.

The Minimal Bioactive Tripeptide

KPV is a synthetic tripeptide with the sequence H‑Lys‑Pro‑Val‑OH (KPV). Its molecular formula is C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄, and its molecular weight is approximately 342.43‑342.44 g/mol. It has a CAS number of 67727‑97‑3.

The peptide is derived from the C‑terminal region (residues 11‑13) of α‑MSH. Unlike the full‑length hormone, KPV lacks the sequence motif required for binding to melanocortin receptors (MC‑Rs) yet still retains the full anti‑inflammatory effect of the parent molecule. It is smaller and more chemically stable than α‑MSH, making it a more robust research tool.

Mechanism of Action: Distinct from Melanocortin Receptor Signalling

The biological activity of KPV (4mg) research peptide is mediated through a distinct mechanism that sets it apart from the full‑length α‑MSH hormone:

• Inhibition of IL‑1β Functions: Recent research indicates that KPV is unlikely to mediate its anti‑inflammatory effects through melanocortin receptors but is more likely to act through inhibition of IL‑1β functions. In vitro, macrophage activation by α‑MSH led to an increase in cAMP accumulation, whereas KPV failed to increase cAMP.

• NF‑κB Signalling Suppression: KPV suppresses NF‑κB signalling by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of the pro‑inflammatory transcription factor NF‑κB. It preserves the inhibitor IκBα and limits IκB kinase activation. Nanomolar concentrations of KPV inhibit the activation of NF‑κB and MAP kinase inflammatory signalling pathways.

• MAPK Pathway Modulation: KPV inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and modulates the MAPK/NF‑κB pathway. It decreases the expression of apoptosis‑related proteins (Bax) and reduces pro‑inflammatory cytokine secretion.

• Cytokine Modulation: The peptide decreases pro‑inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and IL‑8.

• PepT1‑Mediated Transport: KPV acts as a substrate for the di/tripeptide transporter PepT1, which actively transports the peptide in vitro. This transport mechanism may play a role in delivering KPV to sites of inflammation in intestinal cells.

Research Note: A Unique Anti‑Inflammatory Mechanism

Unlike α‑MSH, which signals through melanocortin receptors and increases cAMP accumulation, KPV does not increase cAMP. Its anti‑inflammatory effect is clearly different from that of core MSH peptides. This distinct mechanism makes KPV a valuable tool for dissecting the cellular signalling events that govern inflammatory responses.

Key Research Applications for KPV (4mg)

KPV (4mg) research peptide is a versatile tool with applications spanning several domains of biomedical research.

1. Inflammation & Immune Modulation Research

KPV is widely utilised in research exploring the molecular mechanisms of inflammation. Research applications include:

• Cytokine Pathway Studies: Investigating how KPV modulates pro‑inflammatory cytokines including IL‑1β, TNF‑α, and IL‑6

• NF‑κB Signalling: Studying how KPV suppresses NF‑κB activation and nuclear translocation

• Macrophage Activation: Exploring how KPV modulates macrophage activity and inflammatory responses

• Inflammatory Disease Models: Investigating KPV’s potential in inflammatory bowel disease models

2. Gastrointestinal & Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research

KPV has been investigated for its potential in inflammatory bowel disease models:

• Colitis Models: KPV has demonstrated anti‑inflammatory effects on colitis in murine models

• Colitis‑Associated Cancer: KPV was shown to decrease tumorigenesis in a colitis‑associated model of cancer

• Intestinal Cell Studies: Even nanomolar concentrations of KPV appeared to have led to anti‑inflammatory results in inflamed intestinal cells

• Drug Delivery: Nanoparticles engineered to deliver KPV to the colon have been assessed for therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of colitis

3. Wound Healing & Tissue Repair Research

KPV has demonstrated potential in wound healing and tissue repair:

• Corneal Wound Healing: Studies have shown that KPV facilitates corneal epithelial wound healing

• Skin Regeneration: KPV accelerates wound healing, reduces infection, and promotes the barrier repair of skin or mucosa

• Chemotherapy‑Induced Oral Mucositis: An in situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing KPV has been investigated for its anti‑inflammatory, antibacterial, and repairing effects on chemotherapy‑induced oral mucositis

4. Antimicrobial & Biofilm Research

KPV exhibits broad‑spectrum antimicrobial properties:

• Antimicrobial Peptide Research: The peptide has direct antimicrobial effects against fungi, mould, bacteria, viruses, and parasites

• Biofilm Disruption: KPV demonstrates antibiofilm properties

5. Metabolic & Hepatic Research

Emerging research has explored KPV’s effects on metabolic regulation:

• Hepatic Lipid Accumulation: KPV attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation through ROS‑dependent regulation of the PPARγ pathway in HepG2 cells

• Fatty Liver Disease: KPV protects against fatty liver disease by reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in liver cells

Chemical & Physical Specifications for KPV (4mg)

Accurate characterisation of KPV (4mg) research peptide is essential for reproducible experimental design.

Note: The 4 mg mass refers to the weight of the peptide in its lyophilised form. KPV is typically supplied as a TFA or acetate salt, which enhances aqueous solubility. KPV is not FDA‑approved for therapeutic use and is supplied strictly for research use only (RUO).

Reconstitution & Handling Protocol for KPV (4mg)

Proper reconstitution of KPV (4mg) research peptide is critical for maintaining its structural integrity and biological activity.

Step 1 – Preparation

• Bring the sealed KPV vial and your chosen diluent (sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile PBS, pH 5‑7) to room temperature. Condensation can degrade the lyophilised powder.

• Clean your work surface with 70% ethanol and lay out sterile syringes, alcohol wipes and a clean work mat.

Step 2 – Vial Sanitisation

• Wipe the rubber stopper of the KPV vial with a fresh 70% ethanol wipe. Allow the alcohol to evaporate completely before piercing.

Step 3 – Reconstitution

• Draw your desired volume of diluent into a sterile syringe. A common starting concentration for research applications is 4 mg per 0.4 mL of diluent, yielding a 10 mg/mL stock solution.

• Insert the needle and slowly inject the diluent against the inner glass wall. Do not spray directly onto the lyophilised powder.

• Gently swirl the vial until the solution is clear and fully dissolved. Do not shake vigorously, as shaking can cause denaturation.

Step 4 – Aliquoting & Storage

• Immediately after dissolution, aliquot the reconstituted KPV into single‑use sterile vials.

• Store aliquots at –20°C. Avoid repeated freeze‑thaw cycles, as peptides are susceptible to degradation.

• Once thawed, store at 2‑8°C and use within a short period.

Concentration Reference Table for KPV (4mg)

Adjust diluent volume based on your experimental requirements. For cell culture applications, typical working concentrations may range from 0.1‑10 µM. In research protocols, KPV is commonly studied at nanomolar concentrations.

Storage & Stability Guidelines for KPV (4mg)

Why Choose Chinese Grey Peptides for KPV (4mg)?

As an authentic licensed peptide supplier based in the USA, we supply KPV (4mg) research peptide and a wide range of research‑grade compounds under rigorous quality assurance protocols, fully aligned with Google’s E‑E‑A‑T standards (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness).

• Verified Purity: Independent HPLC analysis with purity guaranteed >99% for every batch

• GMP‑Compliant Manufacturing: All peptides are synthesised under strict quality control conditions

• Full Traceability: Batch‑specific Certificates of Analysis (COA) are available for every order

• Wholesale Supply: We serve research institutions, laboratories, and wholesale buyers across the UK, EU, and USA with flexible volume pricing and reliable logistics

• USA‑Based Regulatory Compliance: All products are supplied strictly as research‑grade chemicals for laboratory use only (RUO). KPV is not FDA‑approved for therapeutic use and is intended for scientific research and experimental use in controlled settings. Not for human or veterinary use.

Researchers across the United States—including those at leading institutions—trust us for fast domestic delivery, transparent documentation and professional technical support.

FAQ: KPV (4mg) Research Peptide

 What is KPV (4mg) research peptide?
KPV (Lysine‑Proline‑Valine) is a synthetic tripeptide corresponding to the C‑terminal fragment (amino acids 11‑13) of α‑melanocyte‑stimulating hormone (α‑MSH). It retains the full anti‑inflammatory activity of α‑MSH but is free from melanotropic effects. It is used in research to study inflammation, immune modulation, gastrointestinal function, and wound healing.

 What is the sequence and molecular weight of KPV?
The sequence is H‑Lys‑Pro‑Val‑OH (KPV). Its molecular formula is C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄, and its molecular weight is approximately 342.43 g/mol.

 What are the primary research applications for KPV?
KPV is used in inflammation and immune modulation research (cytokine pathways, NF‑κB signalling), gastrointestinal and inflammatory bowel disease research (colitis models, intestinal cell studies), wound healing and tissue repair research, antimicrobial and biofilm research, and metabolic and hepatic research (hepatic lipid accumulation, fatty liver disease).

What is the mechanism of action of KPV?
KPV is unlikely to mediate its effects through melanocortin receptors but is more likely to act through inhibition of IL‑1β functions. It suppresses NF‑κB signalling by inhibiting nuclear translocation, modulates MAPK pathways, and decreases pro‑inflammatory cytokines including TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and IL‑8. It is transported by the PepT1 di/tripeptide transporter.

How does KPV differ from α‑MSH in research?
Unlike α‑MSH, which signals through melanocortin receptors and increases cAMP accumulation, KPV does not increase cAMP. KPV lacks the entire sequence motif required for binding to melanocortin receptors but still retains the full anti‑inflammatory effect of α‑MSH.

 What is the role of PepT1 in KPV transport?
KPV acts as a substrate for the di/tripeptide transporter PepT1, which actively transports the peptide in vitro. PepT1 may play a role in delivering KPV to sites of inflammation in intestinal cells.

What purity does your KPV (4mg) meet?
Our KPV is tested to >99% purity by HPLC. A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is supplied with every order.

 How should I reconstitute KPV (4mg)?
Reconstitute with sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile PBS (pH 5‑7). Allow the vial to reach room temperature, then slowly inject the diluent against the inner glass wall and swirl gently. Do not shake. A typical starting concentration is 10 mg/mL.

 How should I store reconstituted KPV?
Reconstituted KPV should be stored at 2‑8°C for short‑term use. For longer storage, aliquot immediately into single‑use vials and store at –20°C for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze‑thaw cycles.

 Is KPV research peptide legal to purchase in the USA?
Yes. KPV is a laboratory reagent sold for research use only (RUO). It is fully legal to purchase, possess, and use in the United States for legitimate in‑vitro or in‑vivo scientific research, provided it is not marketed with therapeutic claims. Note: KPV is not FDA‑approved for therapeutic use and is scheduled for FDA PCAC discussion on July 23, 2026.

Does Chinese Grey Peptides ship internationally?
Yes. We ship across the UK, Europe (France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Italy), and the USA from our US warehouse. Wholesale pricing is available for bulk orders.

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• PubChem Gonadorelin
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• PMC KPV intestinal research paper

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From its discovery as the minimal bioactive fragment of α‑MSH to its well‑characterised role as a potent inhibitor of IL‑1β and NF‑κB signalling, KPV (4mg) research peptide provides a precisely defined and increasingly valuable platform for advanced inflammation and immune research. Its ability to modulate pro‑inflammatory cytokines, suppress NF‑κB nuclear translocation, and demonstrate efficacy in models of colitis, colitis‑associated cancer, and wound healing—supported by peer‑reviewed research published in PubMed, PMC, and other authoritative journals—makes it a valuable addition to any laboratory investigating inflammation pathways, immune modulation, or gastrointestinal biology. By choosing high‑purity, lab‑verified KPV (4mg) research peptide from Chinese Grey Peptides, you ensure that your research is built on a foundation of quality, reproducibility, and scientific integrity.

Ready to advance your research with KPV (4mg)? Browse our product catalogue, request a wholesale quote, or contact our support team today to discuss your laboratory’s specific needs. Place your order now and receive GMP‑grade KPV delivered directly to your facility in the USA, UK, or Europe.